An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (biotic components) interacting with their non-living physical environment (abiotic components). These interactions involve the flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients, creating a self-sustaining system.

Key elements include producers (plants), consumers (animals), and decomposers (bacteria and fungi). Each plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of life.

Types of Ecosystems

• Terrestrial: Forests, grasslands, deserts, tundras.
• Aquatic: Freshwater (rivers, lakes) and marine (oceans, coral reefs).

Understanding these intricate systems helps us appreciate the natural world and develop strategies for conservation.